Showing posts with label science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label science. Show all posts
Wednesday 17 August 2016
Shocking Fact: Travelling to Moon leads to Death
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There are several improvements and latest technologies are being invented in the field of Space Technology. The first Space journey began in the year of October 4,1957 with the launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union.
Later several satellites were sent for many purposes then the next big giant leap in space technology is that sending Human Beings to space.
It was 1961 and a Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first Human in space,
making a 108-minute orbital flight in his Vostok 1 spacecraft but before this event a dog has been the first traveller from earth to space her name is like but unfortunately due to the delay the dog died painlessly during the orbital traveller after 192 days in space.
After eight years of the gap from when the man first entered the space, there was a huge mission conducted by the NASA it was sending Human beings to the moon!!!
The mission name was Apollo 11 started the journey from earth on July 16,1969 and landed on moon’s surface on July 20,1969.
Three astronauts were sent to the moon,
1.Neil Armstrong
2. Mike Collins
3. Buzz Aldrin.
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon’s surface and they walked for 3 hours in moon’s surface and collected moon’s surface rocks and some kind of soil materials.
After that, there are several inventions done in Space technology now it improved a lot to advanced technology.
But the question of the people is that why no man is sent to the moon after 1969?
There is proper answer till now by NASA.
But now there is one of the reasons why the man is not sent to the moon.
Travelling to the moon causes death a shocking news has been revealed.
The 24 astronauts who travelled in the Apollo mission 3 astronauts died out of heart disease in which Neil Armstrong is also one of them.
Although the another two astronauts Mike Collins and Buzz Aldrin are alive still there is a danger for the heart problem.
A research says that comparing to human beings living on earth the space travellers get 5 times more chance to get affected by heart problems, this is due to the Cosmic radiation beyond Earth’s Protective Magnetic Field said by an American space research.
This reason is confirmed by conducting several research and tests.
Friday 12 February 2016
Astronomers have finally found evidence of gravitational waves.
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UPDATE
After 100 years of theory and decades of experiments, astronomers have detected gravitational waves directly for the first time. The announcement, made Thursday by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and accompanied by a paper in Physical Review Letters, describes a powerful signal that ultimately began with the merger of two black holes located 1.3 billion light-years away.
The finding not only confirms yet another aspect of Albert Einstein’s theory of gravity, known as general relativity, but it also opens another avenue for researchers to observe and study the universe.
“Ladies and gentlemen, we have detected gravitational waves. We did it!,” said LIGO scientific spokesman David Reitze at the announcement Thursday. Before crashing together, the black holes were 36 and 29 times the Sun's mass. Afterward, the new combined black hole has only 62 solar masses, with the colossal difference — 5,000 supernovas' worth of energy — radiated away as gravitational waves.
Gravitational waves are literally distortions in space-time, ripples in the fabric of the universe. Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces, so only the most extreme events — black holes colliding, neutron stars twirling, a supernova erupting — would produce detectable waves. LIGO’s twin detectors, in Louisiana and Washington state, use lasers to watch for these tiny stretches and squeezes of space-time.
These ripples open a new window on the universe, allowing astronomers to hear in the darkest regions of space where telescopes yield no information. Black holes, for instance, are infamously impossible to observe directly; they emit no light. But with gravitational waves, astronomers can probe the very heart of the singularities. They will discover black holes completely invisible to traditional observatories — and surely new surprises as well.
“Imagine the instrument as a giant ruler,” says Marco Cavaglià , a University of Mississippi astronomer and assistant LIGO spokesman. “We measure distance along two perpendicular arms, and if these distances change, then we can see it with the laser light.” Although the gravitational waves are incredibly weak — only enough to warp the distance between Earth and the Sun by the width of a hydrogen atom — LIGO’s instruments are extremely sensitive.
Detection of gravitational waves, which were initially predicted in 1916, follows months of rumors. Just a week after the newly upgraded LIGO went online, popular (and unaffiliated) physicist Lawrence Krauss tweeted that he heard about a gravitational wave detection. About a month ago, another tweet from Krauss doubled down on the finding, sending rumors into overdrive. All official sources declined to comment until Thursday’s announcement.
It’s not hard to see why: This is one of the biggest scientific discoveries of the decade, if not the century. There’s already talk of Nobel prizes for the discoverers. And with the stakes so high, the science must be accurate, especially given other recent groundbreaking announcements that later turned out not to be true. Assuming these findings hold up, it’s an exciting time in astronomy. Gravitational waves can now serve as another way to scour the cosmos, akin to being able to see a new color. It’s impossible to say what discoveries await in the coming gravitational wave era, but every time astronomers have found a new way to observe, breakthroughs have soon followed.
In 1865, James Clerk Maxwell predicted that light travels in waves, but humanity needed Heinrich Hertz’s first radio transmitter to unleash modern technology and unveil new types of cosmic phenomena.
In terms of historical significance and future potential, detecting gravitational waves had been one of the most anticipated discoveries in modern science.
“It is, of course, the great hope of all the astrophysicists involved here that this new window will allow us to see things that one has not even thought of before,” says Albert Einstein Institute senior scientist Albrecht Rüdiger, who spent his entire career developing detectors.
Wednesday 13 January 2016
Why do clouds have different shapes?
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Hello mate,
In this post, I am going to post about a simple and at the time which makes us think that Why do clouds have different shapes?
A cloud is made of water drops or ice crystals floating in the sky. There are many kinds of clouds. Clouds are an important part of Earth's weather.
How Do Clouds Form?
The sky can be full of water. But most of the time you can't see the water. The drops of water are too small to see.
They have turned into a gas called water vapour.
As the water vapour goes higher in the sky, the air gets cooler.
The cooler air causes the water droplets to start to stick to things like bits of dust, ice or sea salt.
What Are Some Types of Clouds?
Clouds get their names in two ways. One way is by where they are found in the sky. Some clouds are high up in the sky.
Low clouds form closer to Earth's surface. In fact, low clouds can even touch the ground. These clouds are called fog.
Middle clouds are found between low and high clouds.
Another way clouds are named is by their shape.
Cirrus clouds are high clouds.
They look like feathers.
Cumulus clouds are middle clouds.
These clouds look like giant cotton balls in the sky.
Stratus clouds are low clouds. They cover the sky like bed sheets.
Why do clouds have different shapes?
The shape of a cloud depends on its height and temperature.
Cumuliform clouds are shaped like mushrooms and are formed when rising warm air cools as it goes up.
Stratiform clouds come in flat, dull layers and are formed when air sinks in a high-pressure area, creating a layer of cold air near the ground that doesn't rise or rises only very slowly.
Cirriform clouds are clouds that have risen on a front or tropical cyclone and frozen into ice crystals at a very high attitude.
They look like thin hair.
The shape of clouds also depends on the time of the day.
Towards evening, clouds tend to be thinner and flatter than during the daytime.
Changes in wind patterns also change the shapes of clouds.
Hope the post was informative, share this with your friends about the Why do clouds have different shapes?
Saturday 9 January 2016
The Falkirk Wheel
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Hello mate,
The Man has made several creations in this vast world, some of them are unique in kind.
One of them is The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland.
The Falkirk Wheel is a rotating boat lift located in Scotland. It connects the Forth and Clyde Canal with the Union Canal.
The Canals were previously connected by a series of 11 locks, but by the 1930's, these had fallen into disuse.
The wheel is a symbol of the Millennium Link, the largest ever canal restoration project in the UK.
The only structure of its kind in the world, the Wheel is situated in a natural amphitheatre outside Falkirk.
The wheel receives boats from one canal, rotates and descends or lifts the boats to another canal, where the boats are placed to continue their journey.
The Falkirk Wheel is 35 metres high. Each of its gondolas contains 300 tonnes of water, meaning that the wheel moves 600 tonnes on each lift.
But because the gondolas are always in balance for the boats displace their own weight of water, moving them takes surprisingly little power.
Look the functioning of the Falkirk wheel
The mechanism in the Falkirk wheel
Up to eight boats can be carried at any one time. Nothing like it has ever been built before, anywhere in the world.
Watch the Video
I hope this information's The Falkirk Wheel was new and awesome right!!!
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Friday 8 January 2016
Why are there only 60 seconds in a minute
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Hello mate,
In this post, I am going to share you an ordinary information that Why are there only 60 seconds in a minute.
Have you ever thought of this simple question that why there only 60 seconds in a minute?
But our ancestors thought about the time and they proposed the time management system.
Today, our numerical system is based on the number 10, but in older civilizations, the numerical system is based on the number 60.
The ancient Babylonians used a counting system built on the number 60 and the Ancient Egyptians, using sand filled hour glasses, are credited with dividing the day into segments, also based on the number 60.
Even now, 60 is considered a convenient number for calculations. It is the smallest number that is easily divisible by two, three, four, five, six and ten.
The number 60 is also advantageous when used in geometry because there are 360 degrees in a circle and the clock gets its round shape because a circle can be easily divided by 60 to get sixty minutes, of which each minute is 60 seconds.
Think about our ancestors how genius they are, over 3000 years ago, Man was smart enough to invent a time accounting system that serves us well even today.
I hope surely that no one will think about this simple question Why are there only 60 seconds in a minute before reading this post, but now you are clear with it right....
Share this information with your friends!!!
LOOK AT THE CLOCK
WHEN YOU WASTE YOUR TIME,
RUNNING IN IT IS NOT THE PIN OF THE CLOCK
BUT YOUR LIFE - SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
Tuesday 5 January 2016
Why does the Sunflower always face the Sun?
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science
Hello mate,
In this post, I am going to tell you the secret behind the question Why does the Sunflower always face the Sun?
In our Childhood days, we will be very active in asking questions about the natural phenomena.
But we don't get the valid or reasonable answer to our questions.
So this is also one kind of the question that we would have asked in our childhood that Why does the Sunflower always face the Sun?
But some of us may not satisfied with the answer we got.
But, in this post I am posting the valid, reasonable and also the scientific reason for the question Why does the Sunflower always face the Sun?
Sunflower seems to follow the Sun from morning to evening. All plants show a tendency to orient itself in response to light, which is called Phototropism.
It is a growth hormone called Auxin that helps the Sunflower to exhibit phototropism.
Auxin is sensitive to sunlight and moves away from it. So Auxin often migrates to the shaded part of the stem.
Once there, Auxin stimulates the growth of the cells. This causes the stem to become bulkier and lean in opposite direction i.e. towards the Sun.
As the direction shade changes, Auxin also shifts their position in the stem. This keeps the sunflower always facing the sun.
So that I hope that the secret of this natural phenomenon was useful to you.
Share this secret with your friends.
Wednesday 16 December 2015
India successfully launched the PSLV-C29
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Indian Space Research Organisation again marked his victory by successfully launching PSLV-C29 with 6 satellites of Singapore, launched today evening(16.12.2015).
It is the 50th successful launch from Sri Harikota.
These satellites will take various photos of Singapore and send to the earth station. These photos are used to predict the environmental changes, Weather Forecasting , Disaster Forecasting.
Launching Video of PSLV-C29
Watch the Full video
Related Videos
PSLV-C29
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India is Launching PSLV-C29
India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, launching the 32nd flight (PSLV-C29), will launch six satellites of Singapore into a 550 km circular orbit inclined at 15 degrees to the equator.
Of these six satellites, TeLEOS-1 is the primary satellite weighing 400 kg whereas the other five are co-passenger satellites which include two micro-satellites and three nano-satellites.
Micro-satellite
Nano satellite
PSLV-C29 will be launched from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota. This is the eleventh flight of PSLV in 'core-alone' configuration (without the use of solid strap-on motors).
Along with TeLEOS-1, the five co-passenger satellites launched are VELOX-CI (123 kg) micro-satellite; VELOX-II (13 kg) 6U-Cubesat technology demonstrator; Athenoxat-1, a technology demonstrator nano-satellite; Kent Ridge-1 (78 kg), a micro-satellite; and Galassia (3.4 kg ) 2U-Cubesat.
TeLEOS-1
The launch is scheduled at 18:00 hrs (IST) on Dec. 16, 2015 wednesday (today) from (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota.
Wednesday 21 October 2015
Science tricks videos from Youtube
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science
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Hello guys in this post i am going to share some of the youtube videos that i loved watching it. It is available in the youtube but i have selected the videos that are interesting to watch.
It can be tried at home itself, the guys or the student who love to experiment with science can must watch these videos that may take you to the next level of your experimental knowledge.
Ok lets see the video guys!!!
Water Tricks
matchbox trick
How to make a coin battery
How to draw a 3D effect object
Under water candle
Water and pepper
Hope you all enjoyed the videos guys….
Monday 14 September 2015
WHAT ARE CONSTELLATIONS
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science
Watch out the below youtube videos that will clearly explain What is a constellation is!!!
We will discuss about it in detail on the upcoming post..
Stay tuned…..
We will discuss about it in detail on the upcoming post..
Stay tuned…..
Wednesday 1 July 2015
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
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Renewable energy are in-exhaustible energy.
Renewable energy sources derive their energy from existing flows of energy, from on-going natural process.
Renewable energy sources is captured from an energy resource that is replaced rapidly by a natural process such as power generated from the sun or from the wind.
TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
Solar energy.
Wind energy.
Geo-thermal energy.
Hydro power energy.
At present, solar energy and wind energy are most important and popularly used renewable sources of energy of electricity generation.
SOLAR ENERGY
Solar Energy is the energy from the Sun.
The Sun is a big ball of heat and light resulting from nuclear fusion at its core. The nuclear reaction releases energy that travels outward to the surface of the Sun.
Solar energy is often called "alternative energy" to fossil fuel energy sources such as oil and coal.
The light energy from the sun is converted into useful energy forms such as electrical energy, heat energy, etc.,
HOW IT WORKS?
It works on the principle of Photo-voltaic effect.
The process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage) is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect.
This effect was first discovered by the French physicist Edmund Becquerel in 1839.
The photo effect describes the conversion of light into an Electric current.
SOLAR CELLS
The solar cells are made of thin layers of material, usually silicon.
Photo Galvanic cell is the one, which converts the solar energy directly into electrical energy.
An array of solar cells converts solar energy into a usable amount of direct current(DC) electricity.
SOLAR CELL PROCESSING
MERITS AND DEMERITS
MERITS
Solar energy makes use of a renewable natural resource that is readily available.
No fuel transportation problem
DEMERITS
Solar thermal systems are not cost-effective in areas.
Batteries need periodic maintenance and replacement.
Its installing cost is very high
APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY
Solar cells are used in calculators, electronic watches, radios and Tv’s.
Solar cells can be used to drive vehicles.
Now a days electric street lights are replaced by solar street lights.
Solar cells , made of silicon, are used as a source of electricity in space craft and satellites.
WIND ENERGY
Moving air is called Wind. Energy recovered from the force of wind is called Wind energy.
Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of power.
The Wind energy is harnessed by making use of wind mills.
WIND FARMS
When large number of wind mills are installed and joined together in a definite pattern it forms a wind farm. The wind farms produce large amount of electricity.
MERITS AND DEMERITS
MERITS
It does not cause any air pollution
It is very cheap and economic
It is renewable
Power production at low cost
DEMERITS
Wind farms produce unwanted sound
Wind turbines interfere with electromagnetic signals( TV, Radio signals)
GEO THERMAL ENERGY
HYDRO POWER ENERGY
CONCLUSION
As we know that the fossil fuels like coal, oil, petrol, diesel are consumed at a high rate , so there is a chance of scarcity for these non-renewable sources.
So it is better to find an alternative method of replacing these non-renewable energy by renewable energy sources .
So awareness must be created among the students and public.
Wednesday 10 June 2015
WHY EARTH IS SUITABLE FOR LIVING ORGANISMS?
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Hello guys, after referring multiple sites and books i have presented that how the world become suitable for living organisms.
Earth is unique in the Solar System as being the only planet which is able to support life in all its forms: from basic living micro-organisms
to
highly sophisticated and intelligent human beings. There are many
reasons
why this happens.
1.ATMOSPHERE
2.CLIMATE
3.WATER
4.LIGHT
5.THE
SUN
There
are a few key ingredients that scientists often agree are
needed
for life to exist — but much debate remains as to what limits
there
actually might be on life.
Even Earth hosts some strange creatures that live in extreme environments. [Strangest Places Where Life Is Found on Earth]
Even Earth hosts some strange creatures that live in extreme environments. [Strangest Places Where Life Is Found on Earth]
WATER
First,
you'd need some kind of liquid, any place where molecules can
go react, In such a soup, the ingredients
for life as we know it, such as DNA and proteins, can swim
around and interact with each other to carry out the reactions needed
for life to happen.
The
most common contender brought up for this solvent is the one
life
uses on Earth: water.
Water is an excellent solvent, capable of dissolving many substances.
It also floats when it is frozen, unlike many liquids, meaning that ice can insulate the underlying fluid from freezing further.
If water instead sunk when frozen, this would allow another layer of water to freeze and sink, and eventually all the water would get frozen, making the chemical reactions behind life impossible.
Water is an excellent solvent, capable of dissolving many substances.
It also floats when it is frozen, unlike many liquids, meaning that ice can insulate the underlying fluid from freezing further.
If water instead sunk when frozen, this would allow another layer of water to freeze and sink, and eventually all the water would get frozen, making the chemical reactions behind life impossible.
Astronomers
looking for extraterrestrial life most often focus on planets
in the so-called habitable zones of their stars — orbits that are
neither too hot nor too cold for liquid water to persist on the surfaces
of those worlds.
Earth happened to hit the Goldilocks mark, forming within the sun's habitable zone. Mars and Venus lie outside it; if Earth's orbit had been just a bit further inside or outside of where it is, life may likely never have arisen and the planet would be
Earth happened to hit the Goldilocks mark, forming within the sun's habitable zone. Mars and Venus lie outside it; if Earth's orbit had been just a bit further inside or outside of where it is, life may likely never have arisen and the planet would be
a
cold desert like Mars or a cloudy furnace like Venus.
Of
course, alien life may not play by the rules we're used to on
Earth.
Astro biologists
increasingly suggest looking beyond conventional
habitable
zones.
For instance, while liquid water might not currently persist on the surface of Mars or Venus, there may have been a time when it did.
Life might have evolved on their surfaces in that time, and then either fled to safer locales on those planets, such as underground, or adapted to the environment when it became harsh, much as so-called extremophile organisms have on Earth, or both.
For instance, while liquid water might not currently persist on the surface of Mars or Venus, there may have been a time when it did.
Life might have evolved on their surfaces in that time, and then either fled to safer locales on those planets, such as underground, or adapted to the environment when it became harsh, much as so-called extremophile organisms have on Earth, or both.
In
addition, other solvents might host life. "Saturn's moon Titan has
liquid
methane and ethane.
The
origin of water on Earth, or the reason that there is clearly more liquid
water on the Earth than on the other rocky planets of the Solar System, is not completely understood.
There exists numerous more or less mutually compatible hypotheses as to how water may have accumulated on the Earth's surface over the past 4.6 billion years in
There exists numerous more or less mutually compatible hypotheses as to how water may have accumulated on the Earth's surface over the past 4.6 billion years in
sufficient
quantity to form oceans.
ENERGY
Second,
life needs energy. Without energy, virtually nothing would happen.
The
most obvious source of energy is a planet or moon's host star, as
is the case on Earth, where sunlight drives photosynthesis in plants.
The nutrients created by photosynthesis in turn are what the bulk of life on Earth directly or indirectly relies on for fuel. [50 Amazing Facts About Earth]
The nutrients created by photosynthesis in turn are what the bulk of life on Earth directly or indirectly relies on for fuel. [50 Amazing Facts About Earth]
Still,
countless organisms on Earth subsist on other sources of energy as
well, such as the chemicals from deep water vents.
There may be no shortage of energy sources for life to live off.
There may be no shortage of energy sources for life to live off.
TIME
Scientists
have argued that habitable worlds need stars that can live at
least several billion years, long enough for life to evolve, as was the
case on Earth.
Some
stars only live a few million years before dying. Still, "life might originate
very fast, so age is not that important," astrobiologist Jim Kasting
at Pennsylvania State University told OurAmazingPlanet.
For
instance, the Earth is about 4.6 billion years old. The oldest known
organism first appeared on Earth about 3.5 billion years ago, meaning
that life might conceivably evolve in 1.1 billion years or less.
However,
more complex forms of life did take longer to evolve —the
first multicellular animals did not appear on Earth until about 600 million
years ago. Because our sun is so long-lived, comparatively, higher
orders of life, including humans, had time to evolve.
The
first living things on Earth, single-celled micro-organisms or microbes
lacking a cell nucleus or cell membrane known as prokaryotes,
seem to have first appeared on
Earth almost four billion years ago, just a few hundred million years after the formation of the Earth itself.
By far the longest portion of the history of life on Earth, therefore, has involved the biochemical evolution of these single-celled micro-organisms, bacteria and archaea: we can find individual fossilized microbes in rocks 3.4 billion years old, yet we can only conclusively identify multi-celled fossils in rocks younger than 1billion years.
Earth almost four billion years ago, just a few hundred million years after the formation of the Earth itself.
By far the longest portion of the history of life on Earth, therefore, has involved the biochemical evolution of these single-celled micro-organisms, bacteria and archaea: we can find individual fossilized microbes in rocks 3.4 billion years old, yet we can only conclusively identify multi-celled fossils in rocks younger than 1billion years.
It
is presumed that, over a few hundred million years of evolution, pre-biotic
molecules evolved into self-replicating molecules by natural
selection.
While some aspects of the subject are well understood, others remain clouded in mystery and are the source of much contention among scientists.
Although much progress has been made, there is still no single definitive theory.
While some aspects of the subject are well understood, others remain clouded in mystery and are the source of much contention among scientists.
Although much progress has been made, there is still no single definitive theory.
Life,
for all its complexity, is woven out of just 30 or so different molecules,
constructed from some of the most abundant elements in the
universe: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus.
However, no one has yet succeeded in synthesizing a “proto cell”
using basic components which would have the necessary properties
of life.
The answer to the question Why Earth is suitable for living organisms? is not limited to the above explanation.
Hope the Post was Useful.
The answer to the question Why Earth is suitable for living organisms? is not limited to the above explanation.
Hope the Post was Useful.
Related Video from YOUTUBE:
The 10 Oldest Living Things in the World
The 10 Oldest Living Things in the World
Share this information with your friends.
Saturday 30 May 2015
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science
THE EARTH
The history of
Earth concerns the development of the planet Earth from its formation to the
present day.Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to the
understanding of the main events of the Earth's past. The age of Earth is
approximately one-third of theage of the universe. An immense amount of
biologicaland geological change has occurred in that time span.
Earth formed around
4.54 billion (4.54×109) years ago by accretion from the solar nebula. Volcanic
outgassingprobably created the primordial atmosphere, but it contained almost
no oxygen and would have been toxic to humans and most modern life. Much of the
Earth was molten because of frequent collisions with other bodies which led to
extreme volcanism. One very large collision is thought to have been responsible
for tilting the Earth at an angle and forming the Moon. Over time, the planet
cooled and formed a solid crust, allowing liquid water to exist on the surface.
The first life
forms appeared between 3.8 and 3.5 billion years ago. The earliest evidences
forlife on Earth are graphite found to be biogenic in 3.7-billion-year-old
metasedimentary rocksdiscovered in Western Greenland and microbial mat fossils
found in 3.48-billion-year-oldsandstone discovered in Western Australia.
Photosynthetic life appeared around 2 billion years ago, enriching the
atmosphere with oxygen. Life remained mostly small and microscopicuntil about
580 million years ago, when complex multicellular life arose. During the
Cambrianperiod it experienced a rapid diversification into most major phyla.
Although more than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on the planet are
estimated to be extinct, there are currently 10–14 million species of life on
the Earth.
Geological change
has been constantly occurring on Earth since the time of its formation and
biological change since the first appearance of life. Species continuously
evolve, taking on new forms, splitting into daughter species, or going extinct
in response to an ever-changing planet. The process of plate tectonics has
played a major role in the shaping of Earth's oceans and continents, as well as
the life they harbor. The biosphere, in turn, has had a significant effect on
the atmosphere and other abiotic conditions on the planet, such as the
formation of the ozone layer, the proliferation of oxygen, and the creation of
soil.
CHARACTERISTICS
Composition by
volume
78.08% nitrogen (N2) (dry air)
20.95% oxygen (O2)
0.930% argon
0.039% carbon dioxide
~ 1% water vapour (climate-variable)
78.08% nitrogen (N2) (dry air)
20.95% oxygen (O2)
0.930% argon
0.039% carbon dioxide
~ 1% water vapour (climate-variable)
Physical
characteristics
Mean radius 6371.0
km
Equatorial radius 6378.1 km
Polar radius 6356.8 km
Flattening 0.0033528
1/298.257222101 (ETRS89)
1/298.257222101 (ETRS89)
Circumference
·
40075.017 km (equatorial)
·
40007.86 km (meridional)
·
510072000 km2
·
(148940000 km2 (29.2%)
land
·
361132000 km2 (70.8%)
water)
Volume 1.08321×1012 km
5.97219×1024
kg
(3.0×10-6 solar mass)
(3.0×10-6 solar mass)
Mean density
5.514 g/cm3
9.807 m/s2 (1 g)
IMAGES FOR EARTH
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